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Around mn tpa of PP and mn tpa of PE capacity needs to be taken offline to ensure stability over the next three years. Global ethylene Links of London was mn tonnes in , while capacity was around mn tpa, with capacity utilisation estimated at around . The market is forecast to grow to around mn tonnes by , an increase of just under over Ethylene Capacities By Region levels. Around mn tpa of ethylene Estimate capacity is due to come onstream in the Middle East and Asia in , resulting Asia Western Pacific in a fall of operating rate to around . Europe excl. Worldwide capacity is set to rise to China Eastern Europe Links of London DresS Charm mn tpa by , with capacity utilisation remaining at around . This China Middle East trend could force some uneconomic and Africa capacity to close permanently in coming South years, mainly in North America and America NAFTA Europe. Up to of steam cracker capacity could become uneconomic by Source BMI , although the US is likely to be more aggressive in cutting capacity than Europe, where there is resistance to restructuring and the retrenchment of labour that it can entail. BMI estimates that in Asia Pacific represented onethird of installed capacity China contributed of Asian capacity and North America Links of London HearT Charm . Although the Middle East and Africa are the largest source of oil and gas, the region contributed just of total capacity. This is set to change over the medium to long term as new capacity Ethylene Capacities By Region comes online, with global capacity set to Forecast reach .mn tpa in . The region’s contribution to global capacity is forecast Asia Western Pacific Europe to rise from . in to . by excl. Eastern . This would be an increase of nearly China Europe onethird over levels, but is a downward revision Links of London hot Pink Heart Charm around mn tpa Middle East from our previous estimates, reflecting China and Africa the impact of the recession and the South financial crisis on some projects, America NAFTA particularly in Asia.